Development from 4 to 5 Years
Little ones at this point typically can introduce themselves with first name and last, sing a song or nursery rhyme by heart, and tell a story of their own. Ideally, 4-year-olds are also well aware of cause and effect and have developed a good bit of sophistication around language and books. They begin comparing and contrasting favorite characters in different books. They come to see books as sources for answers to questions about the world, like what are clouds? and why does it rain?
It’s time to build some print awareness by talking to your child about how books work, how print conveys meaning, and what words look like. These are vital lessons, because before a child can read print, they must notice it.
Sprinkle in a few comments (max) before or during reading that direct your child’s attention to how books are organized and how print mirrors spoken language. Use your finger to point to letters and words, which helps them connect the marks on the page with the speech they hear and understand.
Select 4-to-5-Year Milestones & Targets
Oral Language
- Uses four-word sentences, like Look at the dog.
- Uses thousands of words and carries on conversations
- Asks wh- questions: why, where, what, when, who
- Answers why, how, and would you questions
- Refers to quantities
- Uses conjunctions, like when, so, if, because
Speech-Sound Awareness
- Recognizes sounds that match and words that begin or end with the same sounds
- Recognizes and produces rhyming words
- Distinguishes, blends, and segments separate syllables in spoken words
- Recognizes single sounds and combinations of sounds
Print Awareness
- Understands that print carries meaning
- Knows print is used for many purposes
Alphabetic Knowledge
- Distinguishes letters from other symbols
- Identifies their own name in print
- Names 15 to 26 upper- and lowercase letters
- Identifies similarities and differences among letters
Emergent Writing
- Forms letters
- Writes their own name
Book Behavior
- Listens to longer stories
- Retells familiar stories
- Understands cause and effect
Development from 5 to 7 Years
By 6 years old, kids typically speak clearly, tell stories with complete sentences, use the future tense, and say their own full name and address. They can count past ten, draw a person with several body parts, and copy triangles and other shapes. They also know a good deal about everyday life, from food to money.
But real differences in their literacy skills become obvious (to them and us) at this point, too. Elementary school classrooms often put reading and writing on display in ways that can’t help but highlight student variations. Everything from the reading group they’re placed in to the work displayed on the bulletin board exposes the differences.
It can be agonizing for parents to hear about the social drama playing out in the name of education—tales of one child being put “on the computer” because they can’t read, another
checking out the same baby book from the classroom library every day because that’s what’s on “their level,” and yet another signing their name with a scribble that’s different every time.
Yet all these kids are on their own unique paths to reading. We just need to clearly identify where they are, so that we can deliver the right experiences, instruction, and additional tools to keep them forging ahead. A few quick definitions, based on what science reveals about how beginners learn to read words in and out of context, will help.
- Prereaders rely on visuals alone to make sense of words. They may recognize a word within the context of a logo—say, Nike or Target—but they are unable to read those same words in plain type without the contextual clues of color or location. They do not yet use letter-sound cues to read or write.
- Beginning or emergent readers, sometimes called partial alphabetic readers, are beginning to apply what they know about letters and sounds to read and write. They demonstrate partial knowledge of how letters map to sounds but can’t yet decode unfamiliar words. They spell phonetically (duz for does, for example).
- Readers have full command of letter-sound correspondences, can decode unfamiliar words, and spell from memory. They’ve forged solid knowledge of the spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of many words through deep experience of hearing, saying, spelling, and understanding these.
Select 5-to-7-Year Milestones & Targets
Oral Language
- Retells stories in sequential order
- Talks about events
- Uses a range of adverbs and adjectives
- Asks and answers complex questions
- Gives directions
Speech-Sound Awareness
- Isolates, identifies, and categorizes individual speech sounds
- Blends individual speech sounds
- Segments individual speech sounds
- Deletes, adds, and substitutes individual speech sounds
Print Awareness
- Tracks print from left to right
Alphabetic Knowledge
- Recognizes an increasing number of upper- and lowercase letters
- Produces letter forms in writing or with materials like Play-Doh
- Matches uppercase and lowercase letters
Emergent Writing
- Writes full name
- Organizes writing from left to right
Phonics/Spelling
- Connects letters to their sounds
- Sounds out words
- Spells phonetically
- Reads and writes simple sentences
- Correctly spells frequently used words
Book Behavior
- Reads independently
Edited and reprinted with permission from Reading for Our Lives by Maya Payne Smart, published by AVERY, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.
Copyright © 2022 by Maya Payne Smart.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives
Development from 12 to 24 Months
Kiddos in this age range aren’t babies but haven’t fully grown into the mobility, speech, and expression we often associate with toddlers yet, either. Susie Allison, creator of the popular Busy-Toddler Instagram account, proposes taby (to rhyme with baby) as the name for this group that has “all of the ideas of a toddler but none of the motor skills to make it happen.”
Indeed, these kiddos are stacking blocks, pouring sand and water, nesting cups, and hustling to combine a lot of different skills. Meantime, they’re grasping for the words they need to express themselves, too. One year in and children are beginning to speak: mama, dada, uh-oh, and the like. After 18 months, kids are often talking like crazy and learning several new words a day, so their spoken vocabulary usually takes off.
By 24 months, kids’ vocabularies typically have doubled in size, and most will begin pairing words to create two-word phrases and sentences, such as want ball and car go. The average 24-month-old hasn’t mastered all the prepositions and “glue” words, but they are communicating with clarity and directness. They can point to the pictures and objects you say or that they see in a book. They can name people close to them and some body parts.
Whatever their vocabulary size, keep treating and responding to any speechlike (non-cry, non-digestive) sounds coming from your child as genuine talk. When you respond within five seconds, there’s strong evidence that those “conversational turns” may help bolster your little one’s brain structure and brain function now, as well as their language skills and IQ scores down the road.
Gestures come into play in a bigger way now, too. One-year-olds are already doing some pretty sophisticated coordination of their sounds, gestures, and eye gaze to get your attention. Kids in this age range also shake their heads yes and no and use their arms to signal pick me up or hand me that.
Your little one may even start following your directions to pick up toys or point to an object they want. You can name things in books and ask them to point at them. They may make sense of longer questions from you: Where are Daddy’s keys? They’ll also start asking parents a lot of questions, too: What’s that?
All this early speech and vocabulary learning is critical for later reading, because for an emergent reader to make sense of a word in print, they need to have heard it before. (Or, usually, many times before.)
Selecting books that reflect daily life deepen the learning at this age. Little narratives about kids playing, putting on clothes, or having breakfast may pique your toddler’s interest. You can even make your own books featuring pictures of friends, family, and familiar places. When you make it personal, they’ll pay attention.
Select 12-to-24-Month Milestones & Targets
Oral Language
- Puts two words together, like go inside and more water
- Uses possessives, like my ball and Mommy’s cup
- Follows directions like come here or give me the toy
- Understands and uses words for some familiar objects, actions, and people
- Uses long strings of sounds, syllables, and real words with speech-like inflection
Book Behavior
- Picks up, holds, and walks with books
- Turns pages in board books
- Enjoys being read to
- Recognizes the covers of familiar books
- Points to and names familiar characters and objects in books
- Points to things they want you to name
- Looks at pictures when the object or person in it is named
Development from 2 to 3 Years
Kids may say up to three hundred words and understand even more by 3 years old. Counting aloud while pointing out objects is now a possibility, as are maneuvering puzzle pieces into place and climbing to reach things. Play gets more social. Little ones start watching and copying what their playmates are doing and may even (gasp!) share their toys a bit.
More verbs (run, walk, fall, jump) and more names for places and things (house, park, cake) emerge now, although longer words with more syllables and consonant clusters may still get clipped. An avocado may just be a cado, a banana a nana, a squirrel a skirl. One helpful habit to shore up now is affirming and acknowledging whatever communication attempt they make. Yes, that is an avocado! Yes, it’s a banana! Yes, that’s a squirrel! Whatever they say can be followed with yes, plus a word and correct pronunciation of your own.
At this point, your little one’s conceptual understanding may be taking off. Kids this age often comprehend time and position (today, tomorrow, in, on, and under) and are full of questions, especially why. You have an opportunity here to step up your teaching in two big ways: explaining what words mean and nudging your toddler to use the words, too. You can facilitate this learning just by naming the foods you eat, the clothes you put on, and the objects in your environment, as well as adding in some descriptive terms to support their word knowledge. The cold water, the rough sandpaper, the soft pillow.
In choosing and sharing books, keep in mind that while there’s a time and place for longer children’s literature, you shouldn’t overlook the power of five-minute stories read on a regular basis. It’s not the length of the story but the cumulative impact of engaging with you, print, and oral language that enriches a child’s life and skills.
Many parents learn to love short, colorful books because they can read them in a minute. Knowing that you can make an impact in a minimal amount of time may give you the nudge you need to read to your little one in the moment, versus putting it off in the hope of finding the “perfect” time.
Once you get started, you can always do repeated reading of the same books (toddlers love and benefit from repetition) or read multiple short stories to extend reading time. You just need to get started.
Select 2-to-3-Year Milestones & Targets
Oral Language
- Uses three-word phrases, like Sam is running.
- Says their name when asked
- Asks and answers who, what, where, why, and how questions
- Engages in two or more back-and-forth exchanges in conversations
- Uses some -s, -ed, and -ing word endings
Speech-Sound Awareness
- Hears and produces rhymes and alliteration
- Claps syllables
- Blends syllables verbally, e.g., cup plus cake equals cupcake
Print Awareness
- Recognizes logos in the environment, e.g., McDonald’s
- Identifies a letter or letters in their own name
Emergent Writing
- Scribbles with intentional circles and dots
Book Behavior
- Turns book pages
- Enjoys looking at books independently
- Pretends to read familiar books
- Recalls book characters and straightforward storylines
- Points to and discusses pictures in books
Development from 3 to 4 Years
Kids’ spoken language typically is quite developed at this point. Even total strangers can follow what they’re saying. They’re full-on conversational partners, who answer questions, respond to requests, and speak up if they feel cut off (It’s my turn!). Feelings and everyday life become regular topics of conversation now that they have the vocabulary to support it.
Their attention to and interest in longer stories takes off, and they can show off their comprehension by answering questions about what they just heard. They’re speaking in longer sentences and linking the ideas in those sentences together. They can follow (and appreciate) a clear storyline from beginning to middle to end. You can ask questions during read-alouds that prompt them to think more, guess what will come next, and connect stories to their own experiences. What fun!
You’ll want to stick more closely to the text as printed on the page now, too, if you were prone to freestyling or skipping passages to keep their interest. Making speech-to-print connections is on their horizon, so the verbal-written match should be more consistent. Also, be sure to read nonfiction titles, too, which grab kids’ attention, pique their curiosity, and build their vocabularies.
If books and reading aloud have been a part of your family life since your child’s infancy, they may already recognize some letters, such as their own first initial. Begin gradually, yet inten- tionally, calling attention to more letters at this age—in isolation, in your daily environment, and in the books you read. Point to letters, name them, and describe their lines, dots, and curves.
Select 3-to-4-Year Milestones & Targets
Oral Language
- Speaks clearly and forms four-word sentences, like Mommy is eating breakfast.
- Uses more pronouns: they, us, hers, his, them, her, my, me, mine, you
- Uses possessives: dog’s toy
- Talks about objects and their functions
- Can share something that happened earlier in the day
- Identifies some colors, shapes, and letters
- Follows multistep directions, like Put on your pajamas, brush your teeth, and then get in bed
Speech-Sound Awareness
- Identifies, claps, and counts syllables in words
- Identifies and produces rhymes
- Identifies and produces alliteration
- Isolates and compares initial letter sounds in words
Print Awareness
- Recognizes print in their environment
- Recognizes their own name in print, plus some familiar words
- Names letters on everyday objects, signs, and posters
Emergent Writing
- Makes letter-like scribbles to represent words
- Attempts to print their own name
Book Behavior
- Follows the structure of a story
- Makes predictions about what will happen next in a tale
- Connects text to personal experience
- Points to print as the source of information in a story
- Recognizes and prefers favorite characters in books
Edited and reprinted with permission from Reading for Our Lives by Maya Payne Smart, published by AVERY, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.
Copyright © 2022 by Maya Payne Smart.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives I’m so excited to announce the updated paperback edition of Reading for Our Lives! This new version’s lower price point makes it more affordable for everyone. That plus its lower shipping cost also makes it particularly appealing for bulk purchases by birth-to-three programs, early childhood centers, literacy nonprofits, and schools looking to empower parents as their children’s first and most powerful literacy leaders.
And let’s be honest. This book couldn’t be coming at a more urgent moment.
The latest results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress confirm what many of us feared: children’s reading skills have reached new lows post-COVID, with the most vulnerable students seeing the steepest declines. The reading crisis is still here, and it’s getting worse. Yes, factors like screen time and school absence play a role, but the deeper problem is long-standing—too many children enter school with weak language and literacy foundations.
The truth is, reading struggles don’t start in the classroom. They begin long before, in the earliest years of a child’s life, when brain development, oral-language experiences, and alphabetic knowledge set the foundation for learning. Many of today’s highest-achieving students didn’t succeed solely because of classroom instruction. They started out ahead because their parents nurtured language, vocabulary, and cognitive development from birth.
This doesn’t mean schools are off the hook. Far from it. Schools must provide the systematic, explicit phonics instruction that most children need to become proficient readers. But we can’t expect teachers to perform miracles when large numbers of students show up far behind—lacking essential vocabulary, alphabet knowledge, and book familiarity, often with developmental delays nobody caught. That’s mission impossible.
We have to be proactive. We have to lay a strong foundation early and then, once kids are in school, intervene aggressively with high-dosage, high-quality tutoring when gaps emerge.
That’s exactly why I wrote Reading for Our Lives—to lay out in clear, actionable terms exactly what parents and early caregivers need to do in the first years to prepare kids for reading. It’s also why I revised this new paperback edition to make it even easier for parents, educators, and community leaders to glean impactful ways to take action after reading it.
What’s New in the Paperback Edition?
The heart of the book remains the same—the message that parents are their children’s first and most powerful literacy leaders. The paperback edition streamlines and sharpens the content, making it even more practical and simple for parents to lean into that role.
Here’s what’s new:
- Updated Research & Stats: The latest data on reading, literacy, and screen time show why early literacy action is even more urgent today than when the book first came out.
- More Action: Exercises have been streamlined and language simplified for quick wins that build both parent confidence and child engagement, while journal prompts transform parent reflection into concrete action steps.
- More Real-Parent Voices: New parent stories and parent-child dialogues provide social proof that these strategies work—and remind parents they’re not alone in their struggles or successes.
- A Fresh Look: The cover now features a real-life moment—a young girl flipping through a book—replacing the original illustrated silhouettes.
- A Clearer, Parent-Focused Title: The subtitle now reads The Urgency of Early Literacy and the Action Plan to Help Your Child, making it clear that this book is for parents and that it’s useful for kids even beyond the age of six. (The previous subtitle was A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six.)
- A New Financial Mindset: A chapter on literacy spending reframes “budgeting” as “investing,” reinforcing the message that every book, resource, and reading habit is a strategic, long-term investment in our children’s future.
- A Smarter Flow: A reorganization of some of the material makes the flow of the book easier to follow—now, what to teach comes before how to teach, making the book more intuitive to follow.
The Time to Act is Now
We don’t have years to wait for policy changes or new educational trends to fix this. We need millions more parents to understand how to build language and literacy skills at home—starting at birth—and how to advocate for adequate reading instruction once their children enter school.
This updated edition of Reading for Our Lives gives an action plan for that work that’s clearer, more accessible, and more actionable than ever. Whether you pick up the original hardcover or the new paperback, though, the core framework remains the same. So anyone reading either edition can still join the conversation with the same essential knowledge and key takeaways.
Let’s get serious. Let’s be proactive. Let’s build a generation of strong, confident readers—starting right now.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives
Looking for a rewarding, flexible side hustle that fits into your child’s school schedule? Substitute teaching might be the opportunity for you.
Whether you’re a stay-at-home parent looking to re-enter the workforce, a part-time worker in need of supplemental income, or in between jobs, subbing can provide extra income while allowing you to support your local schools.
“I like the flexibility and I like that it fits into the hours of school for my kids, so I can take them to their after-school activities,” said Elke, a mom I know who substitutes in her children’s schools. “I think it’s a great side hustle for moms. I’m surprised more moms don’t do it.”
Here’s a primer on some basics to know about becoming a substitute teacher and why it can be a great part-time job for parents.
Why Become a Substitute Teacher?
Substitute teaching offers a nice combination of flexibility, purpose, and income. Unlike many jobs, subbing generally allows you to set your own schedule and working location.
The districts I know about let substitutes choose when and where they work, making it easy to align with your child’s school schedule, your commute preferences, and your other obligations.
Substitutes can generally choose the days they want to work and say yes or no to specific assignments. In many districts, subs can see available assignments online or in an app each day and choose one that fits their preferences—or opt not to work that day.
Only want to work in your own child’s school, on campuses that are within five minutes of your home, or in certain grades? That should be an option in most cases, although some districts do require subs to work a certain number of days or be available to work in all schools. (In San Francisco, for example, subs are supposed to work at least five days during their first semester.)
Many parents opt to substitute outside their kids’ schools or districts, too. Besides opening up more work, this can give you great perspective and a valuable chance to compare your child’s school with others. One parent on X described substituting in a “no phones” school and seeing how much kids benefitted, compared to her own kids’ school, where phones were everywhere.
Subbing is a meaningful job—you’re helping maintain continuity in students’ education and a positive environment while teachers are away. It’s also a great way to dip your toes in if you’re interested in pursuing a teaching career down the line.
Benefits of Substitute Teaching as a Side Hustle
- Flexible Schedule: Work only on the days you’re available.
- Same Hours as Your Child’s School Day: Depending on where you sub and the age of your kid(s), you shouldn’t need childcare to take this gig. You may just need to arrange drop-off or pick-up for your child, unless you only take sub jobs at their school.
- Opportunity to Get Involved: Be present in your child’s school and community. It’s like volunteering, but you get paid! “It’s a good way to get to know who your kid is friends with and see what’s going on at their school,” Elke said.
- Make a Difference: The school years are crucial in children’s lives and in shaping the next generation. Your contribution to educating, supporting, and protecting them is vital.
- No Work to Take Home: Unlike full-time teachers, substitutes typically don’t have to do grading or lesson planning after hours.
- Extra Income: Earn money without the commitment of a full-time job.
How to Become a Substitute Teacher
To see if your district is hiring, visit the district’s website and look for a “Careers,” “Employment,” or “Human Resources” section. Many districts also post openings for substitute teachers on job boards like Indeed or EdJoin (used heavily in California). You can also call your district’s HR department or main office.
All states and school districts have their own requirements for substitute teachers, but here are some common expectations:
- Education: You may or may not need a college degree to substitute. For example, applicants in California at the time of writing must either (a) have a bachelor’s degree or (b) be enrolled in college and demonstrate mastery of reading, writing, and math basics. They can demonstrate mastery through coursework, SAT scores, or by passing the California Basic Educational Skills Test. Some states may also require college credits in education or a related field.
- Certification: You may need a substitute teacher permit or license from your state, which may involve a short training program or exam.
- Background Check: You’ll need to pass a criminal background check and likely a fingerprinting process.
- Health Requirements: There may be health-related requirements to work in the schools. For example you may need to show a negative TB test or a waiver from a healthcare provider.
- References or Letters of Recommendation: Some districts require these, along with an online job application.
Check your local school district’s website or state educational department to learn about specific requirements in your area.
How Much Do Substitute Teachers Earn?
Pay rates for substitutes vary by location and school district. In my California school district, substitute teachers earn $250 per day, while in nearby San Francisco they get upwards of $325 a day.
Some districts offer higher pay for long-term assignments or for those with teaching certifications. In my district, subs get an extra $30 per day after 30 days in a classroom, while San Francisco offers almost $40 extra per day after 10 days in a class. There may also be bonuses for teachers who work more than a certain number of days in a semester.
Subbing can provide a nice stream of supplemental income on your terms, and the flexibility means it may even be possible to balance it with other part-time work or higher education.
What’s a Typical Day Like as a Substitute?
As a substitute teacher, your day will depend on the school and grade level you’re assigned to.
In some cases, you’ll follow a lesson plan left by the regular teacher. Other times, you’ll just supervise as kids log into Google classroom or other digital platforms to find their work for the day. You may even need to get creative sometimes, if you get limited direction from the teacher.
Some days will be easy—students will be engaged and cooperative. Other days may be more challenging, requiring patience and resourcefulness to manage distractible kids. This is where parents may have an edge. After all, you’ve been managing your own kids at home for years!
Here’s a rough outline of what to expect:
- Morning: Arrive early, check in at the office, and review lesson plans.
- Classroom Time: Supervise work or teach lessons, assist students, and maintain a safe, positive classroom environment.
- Breaks and Lunch: Bring a lunch to eat in the teacher’s lounge or common area, and use your break time to plan for the afternoon.
- Afternoon: Continue teaching, guide students through activities, and leave notes for the returning teacher. Unlike regular teachers, a substitute’s day ends when the school day is over, and you more or less get to go home when the kids do!
How Are Substitute Teachers Evaluated?
Substitute teachers are mostly evaluated informally, and that starts when you walk in the door. Office staff, teachers, aides, and administrators will notice if you’re friendly, professional, and on time.
People also notice how you manage the classroom, follow instructions, and interact with the class, advises a staffing agency. If you’re shouting across the room or your class gets wild enough to disrupt others, it may get back to the principal. Even how you act during lunch or in the hallway matters. Students also impact how you’re perceived—kids will talk about their day to their regular teacher and parents, and their feedback often gets passed along.
Principals may not be watching you directly, but they hear what’s going on from everyone else. Some districts also have systems to collect formal feedback or evaluations of substitutes. Don’t stress too much, though—simply treating kids and adults courteously and being responsible can go a long way to making a good impression. So be friendly, come prepared, follow the rules, stay flexible, and show that you can keep your cool even if things don’t go as expected.
Tips for Success as a Substitute Teacher
- Be Flexible: Be open to different grade levels and subjects—variety keeps things interesting! Most of all, respond to the circumstances. If your class is unruly or disengaged, be ready to change your plan and shake it up.
- Arrive Early: Give yourself time to review lesson plans and get settled. It’s also nice to have time to use the bathroom or get a drink of water before the students arrive.
- Prepare a Backup Plan: Have a few educational activities in case the teacher’s lesson plans are unclear, incomplete, or nonexistent. It’s worthwhile to have some enriching, fun ideas up your sleeve. Just avoid hot-button issues or sensitive topics. You can even use a little time to pay it forward to the main teacher. Principal Zac Bauermaster suggests subs take time “off script” to have kids write their teacher notes of appreciation.
- Stay Calm and Confident: Classroom management can be tough, but maintaining a firm yet friendly attitude helps. Remember, it’s just one day and sticking to a lesson plan is not a life-or-death requirement. Whatever grade you’re in, they’re still kids. Keep your cool and model grown-up behavior. Elke offered up some veteran mom wisdom that’s served her as a sub: “Keeping a level head and being respectful even when they’re not is really helpful.”
- Bring Your Sense of Humor: Kids can give substitute teachers a hard time. (Maybe you even did that when you were little!) Meanwhile, busy school staff may provide little information or support. And subs also have to face the unexpected, like last-minute changes. If you bring a sense of humor, it can help you roll with the punches. You’ll also have more fun. With a little luck, the kids will catch the mood, too!
- Build Relationships: Be friendly and get to know school staff and administrators when possible. (Just keep in mind they’re juggling a lot.) As you get to know them, they’ll be more likely to call you for future jobs and you’ll know who to ask for help when you sub.
- Embrace the Unexpected: Every day as a sub is different … much like parenting. Enjoy the adventure!
Preparing to Substitute Teach
Some districts provide short training sessions to familiarize substitute teachers with classroom management techniques and school policies.
Many don’t, however, so you may want to do a bit of prepping on your own. There are lots of online resources and social media accounts dedicated to sharing tricks of the teaching trade—although years of parenting may well be some of the best preparation, too.
Elke shared that her school district didn’t provide any training, so she just channeled her own school years alongside her parenting experience.
“I felt silly the first time I did it and I was standing in front of the classroom,” she recalled. “I thought, ok, I’m just going to act like a teacher!” It worked out, and she’s now a frequent sub in her children’s middle and high schools.
Is Substitute Teaching Right for You?
If you enjoy working with kids, have some patience, and can handle a bit of unpredictability, substitute teaching may be a fantastic side hustle.
“You need to be somebody who is independent and can figure it out on your own,” Elke advised. “It requires you to think on your toes and be flexible.”
Sounds a lot like being a parent to me!
If you’re up for it, substituting may be a great side gig to earn extra money while getting involved in your child’s school community. Plus, it offers the satisfaction of knowing you’re making a difference in students’ lives. Check with your local school district to see how you can get started.
Lately, I’ve been reflecting on the value of awards and recognition. I’ve unexpectedly received a few honors recently, and each time I felt like the experience was about something much bigger than me. While the recognition was validating, I also sensed that I was a focal point. The awards gave me a chance to serve, for a moment, as a symbol of something much larger and more profound—a movement that I had the honor of representing in that time and space.
It got me thinking that any given award is less about the individual recipient and more about the issue they’re being honored for. More specifically, they’re about mobilizing the power of gathering and celebrating the communities and relationships that fuel meaningful work on that issue.
The Power of Gathering
One of the most rewarding aspects of receiving these awards has been the opportunity to be in a room with like-minded people who are all working toward a shared goal. I was reminded of this when I participated in the 30th-anniversary celebration of Literacy First, a high-impact tutoring program in Austin, Texas, that I deeply admire.
They chose to mark their milestone with a book-club discussion that brought together board members, staff, tutors, and partners. It was an honor to celebrate their incredible work—a chance to publicly acknowledge what I’ve known privately for years: they are an exemplary organization, changing lives through literacy.
That gathering provided a special kind of platform. I could have written a social media post or praised their efforts in other settings (and I have), but there was something uniquely powerful about being in a shared space, albeit virtual. A unique potency in collectively celebrating their impact.
Unexpected Connections
Closer to home, I recently received a Community Service Award from St. Francis Children’s Center in Milwaukee. The award was presented at a gala that brought together people from my local community, many of whom were new to my work. Being on stage gave me the opportunity to introduce my mission to fresh eyes, but it also led to some reconnections.
A woman I hadn’t seen in more than a year, when we’d shared bleachers at a middle school basketball game, was at the event. She congratulated me, and in our brief conversation, I learned she now serves on the board of a mentoring organization in the community—one I would soon be partnering with. That chance encounter, made possible by the gathering, renewed our acquaintance and kindled collaboration potential.
This is what I love about in-person gatherings: the unexpected touchpoints, the little moments of reconnection that strengthen the fabric of our communities.
A Platform to Honor Others
Awards also offer a nudge to reflect—on my own work and on those who have shaped it—and me. At the St. Francis Children’s Center event, I dedicated the award to my mother. She has been my biggest cheerleader from day one, alongside my father before he passed. More than that, she laid the foundation for my love of language and literacy.
She filled my childhood with words—thousands upon thousands of them. She enrolled me in early childhood programs, schools, and summer activities, each one helping to shape who I am today. Being recognized on that stage gave me the perfect moment to acknowledge her role in my journey.
Lately, when receiving public recognition, I’ve begun paying tribute to my namesake, Maya Angelou. I sometimes recite a few lines of her poetry as a nod to her enduring impact. Anytime I take a stage, it’s my honor to bring her with me.
The Joy of Celebration
Ever since the pandemic, I haven’t attended nearly as many events as I used to. This season of recognition has reminded me how energizing it is to gather in person. The handshakes, the quick “how are you?” check-ins, the introductions that lead to new partnerships—it all matters.
These moments don’t have to be long or formal. Sometimes, the most meaningful connections happen in those brief exchanges between speeches or in line at the coat check. Or maybe that’s just the introvert in me that prefers one-on-one interactions over holding forth in a crowd.
Awards as an Exclamation Mark
In the midst of my own personal awards season, I fell down the rabbit hole of “Mark Twain Prize for American Humor” clips on YouTube. My descent started with one Kevin Hart tribute video, then spiraled into watching segments of ceremonies honoring Dave Chappelle, Jerry Seinfeld, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, and others.
What struck me was the sheer joy of these gatherings—the way colleagues and friends came together, not just to recognize talent, but to express, out loud, what they love about someone’s contributions to the world.
That’s the heart of it, isn’t it? Whether it’s a community award, a literacy celebration, or a night at the Kennedy Center, recognition serves as a rare and precious moment to pause and say, This matters. You matter. We’re with you.
For those of us doing mission-driven work, so much of what we do happens in solitude. We put in thousands of hours, refining, creating, advocating, pushing forward, often without immediate validation. Awards aren’t the reason we do the work—but they are a beautiful punctuation mark, a moment to step back and acknowledge the impact.
So, here’s to more celebrations, more gatherings, and more moments to publicly thank all the people who make the award-winners’ work possible.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives I had an incredible time at the Beyond School Hours National Education Conference in Orlando, where I accepted the 2025 Champion of Children Award from Foundations Inc. Trading Wisconsin’s 10-degree chill for Florida’s sun was lovely, but the true warmth came from spending time among 2,000 passionate educators and advocates. It was a wonderful group dedicated to helping youth feel seen, safe, and inspired through afterschool and out-of-school programming.
It was humbling and motivating to be recognized alongside iconic past recipients like Dolly Parton, Geoffrey Canada, and Barbara Bush, leaders I’ve admired for their transformative contributions to children’s literacy. But the conference’s true heart was its educators and program leaders—unsung champions whose daily efforts create life-changing opportunities for kids.
The conference reinforced my core belief: literacy isn’t just a school issue—it’s a community issue that requires all of us to act. Parents, educators, and community leaders all have a role in building strong readers, from nurturing oral language before kindergarten to fueling curiosity through out-of-school programs.
I appreciate every member of the Foundations team. They all went out of their way to welcome me, celebrate my work, and help elevate it by introducing me to prospective partners at organizations and foundations across the country.
I’m also grateful for the organization’s generous donation to Reach Out and Read Wisconsin, a program that brings books into pediatric care and encourages family read-alouds from birth. It’s among my favorite nonprofits and is exactly the kind of community-based early literacy intervention we need more of.
In my acceptance speech, I shared my personal journey, from championing my daughter Zora’s (named after novelist Zora Neale Hurston) literacy to advocating for every family seeking clear, practical guidance to raise strong readers. I honored my namesake, Maya Angelou, whose iconic poem reminds us:
“I rise… Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave.”
We rise, in part, through reading. And when some of us struggle to read, we all have a responsibility to address it. We must support:
- Parents to build oral language skills and print awareness from birth.
- Teachers who deliver high-quality instruction and intervention.
- Out-of-school programs that fuel curiosity and knowledge.
- Communities that nurture learning through conversation, play, and exploration.
I urged attendees to turn every touchpoint with children into opportunities for learning, including summer camps, afterschool initiatives, and community events. I challenged them to empower parents as children’s first teachers, by offering them practical tools and quick wins.
When I wrote my book, I titled it Reading for Our Lives because this is urgent. We don’t read for test scores—we read to thrive. We read for our health, our well-being, our livelihoods, and our shared future.
The journey continues, and I’m more energized than ever to spread the joy and urgency of early literacy.
Thank you, Foundations, for this honor and for creating spaces where education champions connect and strengthen our collective impact.
Together, let’s ensure that every child reads—and rises.
If you’d like to learn more about Foundations Inc.’s important work, visit www.foundationsinc.org.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives There are years that ask questions and years that answer.
Zora Neale Hurston
To best usher your child towards literacy from birth onwards, it’s helpful to know what they can and should understand and do at different stages.
Let’s start by setting realistic expectations. Your baby cannot read. It’s not even something you should aspire to, let alone try to teach, despite the bogus claims of some products and the wishful thinking of the parents who buy them. The path to reading unfolds over the course of years, not months, and trying to shortcut the process can misdirect you from providing the critical early support and guidance that’s shown to predict later reading achievement and school success.
Reading is making sense of print at a glance. More specifically, learning to read is learning to recognize in writing words, ideas, and concepts that we already understand in spoken language. So there are two hurdles standing between babies and reading comprehension—sufficient oral language experience and knowledge of the alphabetic code.
Children must have enough back-and-forth conversation with parents, caregivers, and others to build the vocabulary, verbal reasoning, and knowledge of the world they need to make sense of words and sentences. Plus, they need direct explicit instruction in how written language works. That is, how letters and combinations of letters represent speech sounds in print. And both facets of reading—oral language and written language—take time to develop.
The parents’ job in the beginning is not to teach reading but to nurture its long-term development through active attention, book sharing, and caring conversation. Think of these as your own ABCs. Do them thoughtfully and consistently from the start, and you’ll create a rich early-language environment in which your child’s reading can bloom. No flash cards, computer screens, or baby “curriculum” required.
How to Use Language Milestones & Literacy Targets
Below, you’ll find a chronology of milestones and targets to help you anticipate the language experience, alphabetic knowledge, print awareness, and speech-sound insight that your child should accumulate as they grow into reading. By the end of this quick tour, you’ll better understand how your child grows from cooer and babbler to full-fledged reader and communicator.
Many linguists believe that modern human speech abilities, including vowel and consonant sound production, may have emerged roughly 200,000 or more years ago with the development of the larynx (aka voice box). That span has given our brains ample time to evolve the wiring that enables even very young children to produce and understand speech in their native language with ease.
Today, children’s oral language development is thought to proceed along a straightforward and predictable path with observable milestones (e.g., first coos, babbles, and spoken words). I will list some language developmental markers that align with norms published by organizations including the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Centers for Disease Control. The time frames I list correspond roughly to when most monolingual children have reached the milestones, according to analysis of parent surveys, clinical and observational data, intervention and longitudinal studies, and other research.
I’ll also list select targets related to written language skills. Reading, in contrast to oral language, doesn’t develop effortlessly. Rather, it’s a complex learned ability that emerged much more recently in human evolution. Reading requires the “recycling” of brain networks that originally evolved for other purposes (auditory, visual, semantic processing, and executive function). There’s incredible variation in how long it takes people to develop the oral language foundation and absorb the written language instruction they need to learn to read well—and far too many never get there.
For this reason, I use the word target to describe the print-focused skills. These written-language achievements and book behaviors represent the age when kids “should” have the skills or knowledge in order to meet grade-level expectations down the road—not when most kids actually do achieve these skills. In fact, most kids aren’t currently meeting the targets, because there’s such poor communication and infrastructure linking early care to elementary school and beyond. As a society, we’ve raised the bar for kindergarten readiness without properly supporting families and early caregivers in preparing kids to clear it.
Keep in mind that your family’s mileage along the road to reading will vary. The chronology that follows isn’t a standardized, validated screening tool nor a curriculum guide. It merely overviews what kids need to know and do over time where language and literacy are concerned. It’s not meant to trigger a guilt trip about what you did or didn’t know or do at any given point in time.
If your child is older, scan the list to reflect on all that they’ve learned or where they might need support. Then read ahead to see what’s still coming. Get on board with doing what you can now to move forward from where your child is, and to help them learn and accomplish what they need next for school and life.
You can also visit readingforourlives.com/milestones for more in-depth information on the language and literacy signposts described, the research underpinning them, and ideas on what to do if you are concerned about your child’s development.
Language Milestones & Literacy Targets By Age
May the following lists remind you of the range of skills and experiences kids need—and give you the patience and perspective to be a loving guide.
- Language Milestones & Literacy Targets for Babies
- Language Milestones & Literacy Targets for Toddlers & Preschoolers
- Language Milestones & Literacy Targets for Kindergarten & Early Elementary Students
Keep in mind, the ultimate level of reading we’re aiming for is a moving target. The sophistication your child will need to thrive will depend on the individual goals they pursue in higher education, the demands of the workplaces they enter, and the invention of new technologies and media that we can’t even imagine today.
The term literacy itself changes over time. From the dawn of tablets (stone, that is) millennia ago to the global proliferation of the electronic variety today, social and technological change has altered the very definition of the word. As parents, we need to be aware of literacy’s dynamism as modes of communication change.
I think of how my daughter’s second-grade year was dramatically altered by quarantine and an influx of digital technology. A kid who’d had limited screen time suddenly spent hours online daily and became adept at classroom tech, videoconferencing, and ebook procurement—because she had to. The terms of engagement with her school, teacher, and classmates had transformed in an instant. A pandemic raised educational stakes by activating new approaches to technology, communication, and learning.
The need to leverage skilled reading to meet contemporary needs endures. And the best readers, whether 8 or 80, will be defined by their ability to identify the vast majority of words in any text they encounter and construct meaning from them, individually and collectively.
As each age and stage illustrates, this level of comprehension is built on the foundation of a stimulated brain, a robust vocabulary, wide-ranging exposure to writing, and explicit instruction in the alphabetic code. To read well may take a lifetime, but it all starts from day one with the language- and literacy-building experiences parents create.
Edited and reprinted with permission from Reading for Our Lives by Maya Payne Smart, published by AVERY, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.
Copyright © 2022 by Maya Payne Smart.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives Talking to babies is so vital to their brain development that it’s often called language nutrition. Yet parents of all stripes tend to overestimate how much we talk with our kids—and too often we talk at our tots instead of interacting with them responsively, which is best for their brain and language development.
Well, sometimes the secret to doing more of one thing is doing less of another. And such is the case with positive, responsive parent-child interactions and kids’ media use. If you want to talk more (and more dynamically) with your little one, then limiting the time they (and you) spend glued to a screen is a great place to start.
There was a time when parents only had to contend with television at home, but today smartphones and tablets make media accessible everywhere and every time. A 2023 study, relying on home recordings, found that average daily screen time for 3-year-olds was 172 minutes (2.86 hours) a day, almost triple the 1 hour per day maximum recommended by the Academy of American Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. And that difference amounts to a significant reduction in talk: 1,139 adult words, 843 child vocalizations, and 194 conversational turns lost per day, to be specific.
When to Limit Your Child’s Screen Time
Our words and care beat the unresponsive drone of the television or YouTube every time. Unlike older children, toddlers struggle to learn from video—even live video—without someone physically present alongside them to signal that the video content is useful and worth paying attention to. Only we (live, present humans) can provide the specific, tailored responses to kids’ utterances that they need to grow vocabulary and understanding.
For kids under two years old, the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend very limited media use, and only when an adult is alongside the child to “co-view, talk, and teach.” An example would be when parent and child are video chatting with out-of-town grandparents. That is, media use for the youngest kids should be brief, interactive, and supervised, in order to benefit little ones. Many parents don’t want to hear this, because digital devices have become an integral part of our lives, but the research is clear: showing a baby videos on your phone is not educational.
Indeed, LENA data shows a negative correlation between hours of television and other electronic media detected in recordings and language ability in young children. And a longitudinal study of 2,441 Canadian children found that higher levels of screen time at 24 and 36 months old were associated with worse performance on developmental screenings at 36 and 60 months old, respectively.
Once kids reach preschool age, the time they spend on devices should continue to be in the company of an adult and limited to minutes, not hours, per day. The bright side is: once kids are 3 years old, there is evidence that they can gain valuable alphabetic knowledge from educational media, such as the public television shows Sesame Street and Super Why!, especially if a parent watches alongside them, discusses, and elaborates on the content. So there comes a time when co-viewing video content can create opportunities to talk, build vocabulary, and support kids’ development.
And you don’t have to commit to watching every episode of Daniel Tiger to fulfill your parental obligations. A rule of thumb is to watch a few episodes to gauge the quality and appropriateness of a show for your child and model how to engage with its content. Once you’ve set the tone and shown them how media works, then you can slip away from future episodes to tackle other tasks or take a break.
Preschooler media use is particularly prevalent in households with multiple children, because parents use smartphones or tablets to calm or separate bickering siblings. But researchers warn that the quick fix has lasting consequences: “the negative impact brought by excessive screen time will actually increase the burden for parents in later life.” That’s because each additional hour of screen-time exposure is associated with kids’ increased risk for emotional, behavioral, social, and attentional problems down the line.
How to Limit Your Child’s Screen Time
One strategy that works for many families is drawing hard boundaries around screen use, such as having device-free dinners; setting curfews after which all devices are docked, charging, and unavailable for use; or creating screen-free rooms or zones at home. Thousands of families have signed on for Screen-Free Saturdays, a nonprofit initiative that promotes unplugging, recharging, and disconnecting from the incessant marketing and manipulations of media and technology companies. You could give it a try and make it an event by powering down devices at sundown on Friday, getting a great night’s rest, and fueling a day of family fun and conversation on Saturday.
Parents’ own use of media also adversely affects family talk. Numerous studies have found that when parents are on their phones, they’re less engaged with and responsive to kids—verbally and nonverbally—sometimes even leading to injury when kids engage in risky bids for attention.
Now, I’m not saying we have to give up Netflix and devote our full attention to our children every waking second. But let’s be honest about where our focus is, what that focus means, and how we might take more opportunities to unplug from devices and tune into our kids. A survey of two thousand parents of school-aged children revealed:
- 69 percent of the parents felt “addicted” to their phones.
- 62 percent admitted to spending too much time on their cell phones when they were with their kids.
- 50 percent had been asked by their child to put their phone away.
Knowing better and doing better are two different things. Breaking our bad phone habits often requires serious intervention—mindfulness, that is. Jon Kabat-Zinn has defined mindfulness as “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally.” Practically speaking, mindfulness is the ability to create mental and emotional space between a stimulus and our response. It’s cultivating the awareness, self-regulation, and perspective to consciously choose our words and actions (or silence and inaction) in the moment.
In the past decade numerous studies have investigated mindful parenting and found evidence that it can reduce caregiver stress and coparenting disagreements. Some of the same techniques that have helped parents step out of autopilot and respond to kids more skillfully can also serve to help us set aside our phones and converse more in person. Mindfulness-based approaches have helped people battling phone addictions in other contexts. In a pilot study of phone-obsessed university students, mindfulness-based training was associated with a reduction in the students’ cravings for their smartphones and in their smartphone use time.
An easy way for parents to curb device use is to make a mindfulness practice out of the phone itself. We can follow the example of Marta Brzosko of the Self-Awareness Blog, who “created room for more conscious decision-making” around her phone by taking ten mindful breaths whenever the urge to reach for it emerged.
Similarly, clinical psychologist Mitch Abblett recommends that after we reach for our phones we pause and sit with our devices in hand. Let our thumbs hover over the screen. Take a full, deep breath into the belly and notice whatever thoughts, physical sensations, or emotions arise. Get curious about it all, note whatever feelings come up, and continue to return to attending to the breath.
“We simply (and yet with great difficulty) need to learn to hold our technology more lightly—with more awareness,” Abblett explained in a Mindful magazine article. “Consider making your phone itself a cue for waking up instead of checking out.”
Edited and reprinted with permission from Reading for Our Lives by Maya Payne Smart, published by AVERY, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.
Copyright © 2022 by Maya Payne Smart.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives Whatever the intellectual quality of the education given our children, it is vital that it include elements of love and compassion, for nothing guarantees that knowledge alone will be truly useful to human beings.
His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama
Humans have been reading at least since the late fourth millennium BCE, when pictographic script was first etched into clay tablets with the original stylus, a writing tool sharp enough to leave an impression. And explicit reading instruction in English—directly teaching the links between letters and sounds—has been going on since the sixteenth century.
But it’s just been in the last several decades that we’ve had the benefit of rigorous experiments, massive data sets, and targeted technologies to illuminate how kids learn to read: the earliest roots of reading in children’s lives and parents’ critical role in sustaining them. Perhaps this new knowledge can push us from literacy for the elite to literacy for all.
There are crucial prereading and early-reading subject areas that parents are especially well-equipped to teach kids, with love and lightness, in daily life. They include oral language, speech-sound awareness, and letter-knowledge skills that research shows are critically important for later reading skills. They also include the simple work of familiarizing kids with books and how print works, as well as the more advanced work of matching letters to sounds (and sounds to letters).
Are there other things that parents can and should do to nurture literacy? Absolutely. But these are meaningful, life-altering, often-overlooked areas that are well within our capacity to start addressing (and, yes, teaching) today.
Although abilities like these tend to show up in preschool and kindergarten screenings, they apply to a much wider age span—I’d say from birth to 116, given the remarkable story of a woman named Mary Walker, born in 1848.
Walker’s dream of literacy, beautifully told in Rita Lorraine Hubbard’s picture book The Oldest Student: How Mary Walker Learned to Read, was deferred through slavery and sharecropping, through the lives of two husbands and three sons, and the administrations of twenty-six presidents of the United States. She learned at last at 116 years old, and read until her death at age 121 on December 1, 1969.
“She studied the alphabet until her eyes watered,” Hubbard wrote. “She memorized the sounds each letter made and practiced writing her name so many times that her fingers cramped… She studied and studied, until books and pages and letters and words swirled in her head while she slept. One fine day Mary’s hard work paid off. She could read!”
Literacy is still deferred for too long for too many, for lack of a strong foundation. I know a high school literacy coach whose job is to give teachers strategies to help teenagers who can’t read make sense of the science, math, social studies, and other course content in class. Imagine being expected to learn advanced content with no understanding of the printed information in textbooks and classroom materials.
When she can, the coach pulls students out of class to tutor them in the basics of letter-sound associations that they never mastered in elementary or middle school. It’s not a service she expected to provide high schoolers, but one they desperately need. And who will be there to help them when they struggle after they graduate—or drop out?
Would-be readers of any age must master the basics. There are areas of study that just cannot be skipped.
Edited and reprinted with permission from Reading for Our Lives by Maya Payne Smart, published by AVERY, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.
Copyright © 2022 by Maya Payne Smart.
Get Reading for Our Lives: A Literacy Action Plan from Birth to Six
Learn how to foster your child’s pre-reading and reading skills easily, affordably, and playfully in the time you’re already spending together.
Get Reading for Our Lives Think back over your last few months of spending. What were the big-ticket items or experiences that you purchased for your child? If you were to judge yourself on where you invested dollars on their behalf, what would those expenses say about your priorities?
Sports, travel, and clothing topped my list of spending for my daughter this summer. She moved to a new soccer team, which required buying all-new everything: socks, shorts, four different jerseys, a backpack, outer gear for all weather, and the list goes on and on. As luck would have it, the one thing the team didn’t require—new footwear—made its way into our shopping cart anyway, because her old cleats no longer fit.
I’m talking hundreds and hundreds of dollars, far more than I spent on education during the same time frame. Do I value soccer over education? No. Does my spending look like it? Yes.
While there’s not an exact correlation between what we spend and what we value, I do believe that our visible spending sends kids strong messages about our priorities. How we spend says more than we intend.
Reading on the Road
So to tip the scales a bit in reading’s favor, I decided to put a lit-rich trip into the mix. If we can travel to Missouri and Arizona for soccer, I thought, why not go to our nation’s capital for reading? The Planet Word Museum and the National Book Festival had long topped my list of literary destinations to check out, so I brought my mom and my daughter along to make a weekend of it.
The Planet Word Museum was well worth the time and travel. Educator and philanthropist Ann Friedman’s founding vision for transforming the historic building has been beautifully realized, down to minute details like language symbols embedded in flooring and elevator interiors that look like library shelves. Every inch of the space exudes intention and enthusiasm for the human experience of language.
Most remarkable for a museum dedicated to words, it resists the urge to overwhelm visitors with print. It offers immersive, sensory, memorable experiences with language, using movement, light, and sound to capture visitors’ attention. It leaves space for guests to create our own meaning from what we consume, versus having it spoon-fed to us through the long placard descriptions typical of museums.
Everything at Planet Word is engaging, but here are a few of our favorites to give you a taste of the experience.
Global Voices
In your excitement to enter the museum, don’t miss the courtyard’s gorgeous, interactive art. Experiential and evocative, a towering aluminum sculpture, called Speaking Willow by visual artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, commands the space. Ivy creeps up its trunk and bell-shaped LED lights and speakers dangle from its branches.
When visitors pass under, it murmurs words from 364 different languages, representing the languages spoken by more than 99% of the world’s people. The speech —general statements about the various languages and cultures represented—isn’t meant to be parsed. Rather, let the words wash over you and inspire your sense of wonder at the richness, diversity, and interconnectedness of human communication.
Iconic Idioms
The Joking Around exhibit gives visitors a shot at shouting out iconic idioms—if you can take a visual hint from the provided props. We caught on to some pretty quickly, like “in a pickle” and “two peas in a pod,” but others left us stumped… to this day. Go ahead, have at these word puzzles. Then visit Planet Word for more. This light-hearted, interactive exhibit gets kids (and adults) thinking about the playfulness and creativity of figurative language.
The Word Wall of All Word Walls
Kids may be familiar with classroom word walls, filled with high-frequency words or lesson-specific vocab. This is not that. Planet Word’s 22-foot-tall talking word wall tells the story of the English language, through video and illuminated words. Visitors play a role, too, using microphones to interact with the exhibit and help shape the narrative.
Native Speakers
The Spoken World exhibit showcases iPads arrayed around a globe of lights. The screens offer mini-lessons in languages from Icelandic to Wolof, which highlight the diversity of world languages for us, as well as the universality of communicating culture and community. We loved the chance to practice words in unfamiliar tongues and ponder the heritage and identities of the speakers, as well as our own.
Gifts of Gab
I love a good gift shop, and Present Perfect at Planet Word had it all—bookish socks, pins, puzzles, games, and even dishes digging into tricky words like they’re, their, and there. There were books for word nerds of all ages, from Spelling Bee savant Zaila Avant-Garde’s Words of Wonder from Z to A picture book to Joe Gillard’s The Little Book of Lost Words: Collywobbles, Snollygosters, and 86 Other Surprisingly Useful Terms Worth Resurrecting. If you’re on the hunt for a baby shower gift, I recommend this adorable onesie. It pairs perfectly with my book, Reading for Our Lives.
We tapped out after two hours at the museum, which means there’s still much, much more to explore. On our next visit, we’ll be sure to dine at Immigrant Food, tackle a word-puzzle case in Lexicon Lane, and dig into the “I’m Sold” advertising exhibit. And I’m sure we’ll pick up a few more SAT words in the photo booth, sponsored by the College Board.
Long story, short. We loved it. Five stars. We’re sold on the idea that Planet Word truly is “the museum where language comes alive.”